Heading Tags
Any document starts with a heading. You can use
different sizes for your headings. HTML also has six levels of headings, which
use the elements<h1>, <h2>, <h3>, <h4>, <h5>,
and <h6>. While displaying any heading, browser adds one line before and
one line after that heading.
Example
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
<title>Heading
Example</title>
</head>
<body>
<h1>This
is heading 1</h1>
<h2>This
is heading 2</h2>
<h3>This
is heading 3</h3>
<h4>This
is heading 4</h4>
<h5>This
is heading 5</h5>
<h6>This
is heading 6</h6>
</body>
</html>
This will produce following result:
Paragraph Tag
The <p> tag offers a way to
structure your text into different paragraphs. Each paragraph of text should go
in between an opening <p> and a closing </p> tag as shown below in
the example:
Example
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
<title>Paragraph
Example</title>
</head>
<body>
<p>Here
is a first paragraph of text.</p>
<p>Here
is a second paragraph of text.</p>
<p>Here
is a third paragraph of text.</p>
</body>
</html>
This will produce following result:
Here is a first paragraph of text.
Here is a second paragraph of text.
Here is a third paragraph of text.
Line Break Tag
Whenever you use the <br /> element,
anything following it starts from the next line. This tag is an example of
an empty element, where you do not need opening and closing
tags, as there is nothing to go in between them.
The <br /> tag has a space between the
characters br and the forward slash. If you omit this space,
older browsers will have trouble rendering the line break, while if you miss
the forward slash character and just use <br> it is not valid in XHTML
Example
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
<title>Line
Break Example</title>
</head>
<body>
<p>Hello<br />
You delivered your assignment ontime.<br />
Thanks<br />
Mahnaz</p>
</body>
</html>
This will produce following result:
Hello
You delivered your assignment ontime.
Thanks
Mahnaz
You delivered your assignment ontime.
Thanks
Mahnaz
Centering Content
You can use <center> tag to
put any content in the center of the page or any table cell.
Example
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
<title>Centring
Content Example</title>
</head>
<body>
<p>This
text is not in the center.</p>
<center>
<p>This
text is in the center.</p>
</center>
</body>
</html>
This will produce following result:
This text is not in the center.
This text is in the center.
Horizontal Lines
Horizontal lines are used to visually break up
sections of a document. The<hr> tag creates a line from the
current position in the document to the right margin and breaks the line
accordingly.
For example you may want to give a line between two
paragraphs as in the given example below:
Example
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
<title>Horizontal
Line Example</title>
</head>
<body>
<p>This
is paragraph one and should be on top</p>
<hr />
<p>This
is paragraph two and should be at bottom</p>
</body>
</html>
This will produce following result:
This is paragraph one and should be on top
This is paragraph two and should be at bottom
Again <hr /> tag is an
example of the empty element, where you do not need opening
and closing tags, as there is nothing to go in between them.
The <hr /> element has a space between the
characters hr and the forward slash. If you omit this space,
older browsers will have trouble rendering the horizontak line, while if you
miss the forward slash character and just use <hr> it is not valid in
XHTML
Preserve Formatting
Sometimes you want your text to follow the exact
format of how it is written in the HTML document. In those cases, you can use
the preformatted tag <pre>.
Any text between the opening <pre> tag and
the closing </pre> tag will preserve the formatting of the source
document.
Example
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
<title>Preserve
Formatting Example</title>
</head>
<body>
<pre>
function testFunction( strText ){
alert (strText)
}
</pre>
</body>
</html>
This will produce following result:
function
testFunction( strText ){
alert (strText)
}
Try using same code without keeping it inside
<pre>...</pre> tags
Nonbreaking Spaces
Suppose you want to use the phrase "12
Angry Men." Here you would not want a browser to split
the "12, Angry" and "Men" across two
lines:
An
example of this
technique appears in the movie "12
Angry Men."
In cases where you do not want the client browser
to break text, you should use a nonbreaking space entity instead
of a normal space. For example, when coding the "12 Angry Men" in a
paragraph, you should use something similar to the following code:
Example
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
<title>Nonbreaking
Spaces Example</title>
</head>
<body>
<p>An
example of this technique appears in the movie
"12 Angry Men."</p>
</body>
</html>
An HTML element is defined by a
starting tag. If the element contains other content, it ends with a closing
tag, where the element name is preceded by a forward slash as shown below with
few tags:
Start Tag
|
Content
|
End Tag
|
<p>
|
This is paragraph content.
|
</p>
|
<h1>
|
This is heading content.
|
</h1>
|
<div>
|
This is division content.
|
</div>
|
<br />
|
So here <p>....</p> is an HTML element,
<h1>...</h1> is another HTML element. There are some HTML elements
which don't need to be closed, such as <img.../>, <hr /> and <br
/> elements. These are known as void elements.
HTML documents consist of a tree of these elements
and they specify how HTML documents should be built, and what kind of content
should be placed in what part of an HTML document.
HTML Tag vs. Element
An HTML element is defined by a starting
tag. If the element contains other content, it ends with a closing
tag.
For example <p> is starting tag of a
paragraph and </p> is closing tag of the same paragraph but <p>This
is paragraph</p> is a paragraph element.
Nested HTML Elements
It is very much allowed to keep one HTML element
inside another HTML element:
Example
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
<title>Nested
Elements Example</title>
</head>
<body>
<h1>This
is <i>italic</i>
heading</h1>
<p>This
is <u>underlined</u>
paragraph</p>
</body>
</html>